2021年秋季西南科技大学网络教育专升本英语入学测试模拟题及答案11

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5.Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be effectively excluded.Everybody is free to enjoy the benefits of these commodities, and one person’s utilization does not reduce the possibilities of anybody else’s enjoying the same good.

Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect.A flood control dam is a public good.Once the dam is built, all persons living in the area will benefit not thinking the respective of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam.The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation.Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.National defense is another example.Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.

It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with a public good.There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense.Because the market does not provide the necessary signals, economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgment of the marketplace.

1)What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.Mechanisms for safer navigation.

B.The economic structural of the marketplace.

C.A specific group of commodities.

D.The advantages of lowering taxes.

答案：C

2)Which of the following would NOT be an example of a public good as described in the passage?

A.A taxi.

B.A bridge.

C.A fire truck.

D.A stoplight.

答案：A

3)By which of the following could the word “holds”(in Paragraph 2)best be replaced?

A.Has

B.Grasps

C.Remains

D.carries

答案：C

4)According to the passage, finding out the social costs of a public good is a ________

A.difficult procedure.

B.daily administrative duty.

C.matter of personal judgment.

D.citizen’s responsibility.

答案：A

5)Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first two paragraphs?

A.Suggestions for the application of an economic concept are offered.

B.Several generalizations are presented from which various conclusions are drawn.

C.Persuasive language is used to argue against a popular idea.

D.A general concept is defined and then examples are given.

答案：D

6.It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!

Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, as early as the eleventh century B.C.

We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honour and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office.

In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.

During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England.

By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrella have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colours.

1)Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?

A.No one exactly knows who was the inventor of the umbrella .

B.The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.

C.The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century.

D.In Europe the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.

答案：C

2)A strange feature of the umbrella’s use is that it was used as.

A.protection against rain

B.a shade against the sun

C.a way of women’s decoration

D.a symbol of honour and power

答案：D

3)In Europe,the umbrella was first used against the rain______.

A.in China

B.in ancient Egypt

C.in Rome

D.in Greece

答案：C

4)This passage talks mainly about ______.

A.how the umbrella was invented

B.the development of the umbrella

C.why the umbrella was so popular in Europe

D.who need umbrella first

答案：B

5)According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient_______.

A.China

B.Egypt

C.Greece

D.Rome

答案：A

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